Урок 4 (B2): Future Perfect Continuous и другие сложные формы будущего времени

Привет! В предыдущем уроке мы углубились в тонкости Present Perfect и Present Perfect Continuous. Сегодня мы отправимся в будущее и изучим самые сложные формы выражения будущего времени в английском языке.

Future Perfect Continuous и другие продвинутые формы будущего времени — это инструменты для тех, кто хочет выражать сложные временные отношения с высокой точностью. Эти конструкции особенно важны в деловом английском, академическом письме и ситуациях, где нужно детально планировать или описывать будущие события.

На уровне B2 вы должны не только знать эти формы, но и уметь свободно их использовать для выражения:

• Длительности действий к определенному моменту в будущем
• Предположений о будущих событиях разной степени вероятности
• Планов и намерений различного характера
• Сложных временных взаимосвязей в будущем

Готовы освоить эти продвинутые конструкции? Погружаемся!

🎯 Основные концепции

🔍 Future Perfect Continuous: Образование и основные значения

Форма: will + have + been + Verb-ing

Утвердительная форма:

• I will have been working here for five years next month.
• She will have been studying English for a decade by graduation.
• They will have been living together for six months by Christmas.

Отрицательная форма:

• I won't have been working there for very long when the company closes.
• He will not have been playing professionally for even a year when the season ends.
• We won't have been dating for long before we move in together.

Вопросительная форма:

• Will you have been working here for ten years by next summer?
• How long will she have been living in New York by the time she graduates?
• Will they have been married for twenty years next month?

🔍 Основные случаи употребления Future Perfect Continuous

1. Длительность действия к определенному моменту в будущем

Показывает, как долго что-то будет продолжаться к конкретному моменту в будущем:

• By next year, I will have been working at this company for fifteen years.
• When you arrive, we will have been waiting for over two hours.
• By the time she retires, she will have been teaching for forty years.

2. Предположения о причинах будущих ситуаций

Объясняет вероятную причину будущего состояния:

• She'll be exhausted tomorrow — she will have been working all night.
• The ground will be wet — it will have been raining all morning.
• He'll be frustrated — he will have been trying to fix that computer for hours.

3. Эмфатическое выражение непрерывности процесса

Подчеркивает, что действие будет продолжаться без перерыва:

• This time next week, I will have been running every day for a month.
• By December, they will have been renovating their house for six months straight.

📚 Другие сложные формы будущего времени

🔍 Модальные глаголы + Perfect Infinitive для будущих предположений

Will + have + Past Participle (Future Perfect) — повторение с нюансами

Основные функции:

1. Завершение к определенному моменту:

   • I will have finished the report by Friday.
   • The store will have closed by the time we get there.

2. Предположения о настоящем (основанные на логике):

   • Don't call him now — he will have gone to bed already. (Скорее всего, уже лег спать)
   • She will have heard the news by now. (Наверняка уже услышала)

Should + have + Past Participle (для будущих событий)

Ожидание или вероятность:

• The package should have arrived by tomorrow morning. (Должна прийти, ожидается)
• We should have finished the project by the deadline. (Должны закончить, планируется)

Might/Could + have + Past Participle (для будущих предположений)

Возможность в будущем:

• By next week, they might have made their decision. (Возможно, примут решение)
• She could have completed her PhD by next summer. (Возможно, закончит)

🔍 Continuous формы для планов и договоренностей

Future Continuous: Will + be + Verb-ing

Для действий в процессе в определенное время в будущем:

• This time tomorrow, I will be flying to California.
• Don't call me at 8 PM — I will be having dinner with clients.
• Next month, we will be celebrating our anniversary.

Future Continuous для вежливых вопросов о планах:

• Will you be using the car tonight? (Вежливее чем "Can I use the car?")
• Will you be going to the store later? (Менее прямо чем "Can you go to the store?")

🔍 Be going to + Perfect/Continuous формы

Be going to + have + Past Participle

Для планов, которые завершатся к определенному времени:

• I am going to have finished this book by the weekend.
• They are going to have moved to their new house by Christmas.

Be going to + be + Verb-ing

Для будущих планируемых процессов:

• At 3 PM, I am going to be presenting to the board.
• Next year, she is going to be studying abroad.

📚 Особенности использования в американском английском

🔍 Разговорные сокращения и упрощения

В американском разговорном английском часто происходят упрощения:

Формальный английский: By next year, I will have been working here for a decade.

Разговорный американский: Next year, I'll have worked here ten years. (Опущение Continuous формы)

🔍 Использование "gonna" в сложных конструкциях

Неформальный американский английский:

• I'm gonna have finished by then. (вместо "going to have finished")
• She's gonna be working late tonight. (вместо "going to be working")

🔍 Интонационные особенности

В американском английском ударение в сложных временных формах часто падает на главный глагол:

• I will have been WORKing (ударение на "work")
• She will have FINished (ударение на "fin")

🧠 Мнемотехники для запоминания сложных форм будущего

1. Система "Временных слоев"

Простое будущее: Will + V1 = один слой времени Future Perfect: Will + have + V3 = два слоя времени (завершение в будущем) Future Perfect Continuous: Will + have + been + V-ing = три слоя времени (процесс + завершение + длительность)

2. Мнемоника "WHEB" для Future Perfect Continuous

Will + Have + Ever + Been + V-ing "Когда Ever (всегда) заменяется на конкретное время, получается длительность к моменту в будущем"

3. Визуализация "Временной линейки"

Настоящее -------- Момент в будущем -------- Далекое будущее
    |                      |                        |
Начало действия    Контрольная точка         Неопределенность

Future Perfect Continuous показывает расстояние от начала действия до контрольной точки.

4. Правило "Future Sandwich"

Хлеб 1: Will (намерение)
Начинка: have been (длительность)
Хлеб 2: V-ing (процесс)
Результат: Сэндвич времени с богатым смыслом!

⚠️ Типичные ошибки русскоговорящих

1. Путаница между Future Perfect и Future Perfect Continuous

   ❌ By next year, I will have been finished my degree. (Смешение форм)
   ✅ By next year, I will have finished my degree. (Завершение)
   ✅ By next year, I will have been studying for four years. (Длительность)

2. Неправильное использование предлогов времени

   ❌ I will have been working here during five years by January.
   ✅ I will have been working here for five years by January.

3. Избыточное использование сложных форм

   ❌ Tomorrow I will have been going to the store. (Слишком сложно для простого действия)
   ✅ Tomorrow I'm going to the store. или Tomorrow I will go to the store.

4. Ошибки в отрицательных формах

   ❌ I will not have been not working here for long.
   ✅ I will not have been working here for long.

5. Неправильное образование вопросов

   ❌ How long will have you been studying English by graduation?
   ✅ How long will you have been studying English by graduation?

6. Калька с русского языка

   ❌ I will have been knowing her for ten years next month. (Глагол состояния в Continuous)
   ✅ I will have known her for ten years next month.

👥 Практические диалоги

Диалог 1: Планирование карьеры

Career Counselor: So, Jennifer, let's talk about your five-year plan. Where do you see yourself?

Jennifer: Well, by 2030, I will have been working in marketing for eight years. I hope I will have become a senior manager by then.

Career Counselor: That's a realistic goal. What skills will you have developed by that time?

Jennifer: I will have been taking evening classes in digital marketing, so I should have mastered all the new social media platforms. Also, I will have been leading my current team for at least three years.

Career Counselor: Excellent. And what about your MBA? Will you have completed it by 2030?

Jennifer: Actually, I will have been studying part-time for my MBA for two years by next fall. So yes, I should have graduated by 2029.

Career Counselor: Perfect timing. By the time you finish your MBA, you will have gained substantial work experience. Companies will have noticed your dedication.

Jennifer: I hope so! My goal is that by 2030, I will have been promoted to director level, and I will have been earning six figures for a few years.

Career Counselor: With your plan, you should have achieved all of these goals. Just remember, by the time you reach director level, you will have been taking on much more responsibility.

Диалог 2: Подготовка к событию

Event Planner: OK, let's review the timeline for the conference. It's now March, and the event is in September.

Assistant: Right. By July, we will have been planning this event for six months. Will we have finalized the venue by then?

Event Planner: Absolutely. We should have signed the contract by the end of April. By May, we will have been negotiating with caterers for weeks.

Assistant: And the speakers? Will they have confirmed their participation by summer?

Event Planner: Most of them will have responded by June. But our keynote speaker will have been traveling all summer, so she might not confirm until August.

Assistant: That's cutting it close. By August, we will have been advertising the conference for months. What if she cancels?

Event Planner: Don't worry. By then, we will have lined up several backup speakers. Also, our marketing team will have been promoting the event so well that we should have sold most tickets by July.

Assistant: Good point. By September, we will have been working on this project for eight months. It should be perfect!

Event Planner: Exactly. And by the time the conference ends, we will have learned so much that next year's event will be even better.

Диалог 3: Семейные планы

Mom: Honey, I can't believe Emma is already sixteen. Time flies so fast!

Dad: I know! By the time she graduates high school, she will have been dancing competitively for twelve years.

Mom: And she will have been taking piano lessons for even longer. She should have developed into quite an accomplished musician by then.

Dad: Speaking of graduation, will we have saved enough for her college tuition by 2027?

Mom: If we stick to our plan, we will have been contributing to her college fund for eighteen years. We should have accumulated about $200,000.

Dad: That's a relief. By the time she starts college, tuition costs will have increased significantly.

Mom: True. But she will have been applying for scholarships throughout her senior year. Hopefully, she will have received some financial aid.

Dad: I'm confident she will. By graduation, she will have maintained excellent grades for four years, and she will have been volunteering in the community regularly.

Mom: You're right. She will have proven herself to be a well-rounded student. Colleges will have noticed her dedication.

Dad: By the time she finishes college, we will have been supporting her educational journey for over twenty years. It will have been worth every penny!

📚 Итоговая таблица: Сложные формы будущего времени

📝 Упражнения

Упражнение 1: Образуйте Future Perfect Continuous

1. By next Christmas, they _____ (live) in that house for ten years.
2. When you graduate, you _____ (study) English for twelve years.
3. By the end of this year, I _____ (work) at this company for five years.
4. Next month, we _____ (date) for two years.
5. By summer, she _____ (train) for the marathon for six months.
6. When the movie ends, we _____ (watch) for three hours.
7. By retirement, he _____ (teach) for thirty-five years.
8. Next week, they _____ (renovate) their kitchen for two months.
9. By the time you arrive, I _____ (wait) for over an hour.
10. When the season starts, the team _____ (practice) together for eight weeks.

Упражнение 2: Выберите правильную форму будущего времени

1. By 2030, scientists _____ (discover/will have discovered/will have been discovering) a cure for this disease.
2. This time next week, I _____ (will fly/will be flying/will have flown) to Tokyo.
3. She _____ (will have been studying/will study/will be studying) medicine for six years when she graduates.
4. By the time you read this, I _____ (will leave/will have left/will be leaving) the country.
5. Next month, we _____ (will have been married/will be married/will marry) for twenty years.
6. At 8 PM tonight, they _____ (will have dinner/will be having dinner/will have had dinner).
7. By the end of the year, the company _____ (will double/will have doubled/will be doubling) its profits.
8. She _____ (will have been working/will work/will be working) on this project for months by the deadline.
9. Tomorrow at this time, I _____ (will have been driving/will drive/will be driving) to work.
10. By next summer, they _____ (will have been living/will live/will be living) in Canada for a decade.

Упражнение 3: Переведите предложения с русского на английский

1. К концу года я буду работать в этой компании уже пять лет.
2. Завтра в это время она будет лететь в Лондон.
3. К моменту твоего приезда мы уже закончим проект.
4. Через месяц мы будем встречаться уже два года.
5. К выпуску он будет изучать программирование семь лет.
6. В субботу в 8 вечера я буду ужинать с родителями.
7. К 2025 году они построят новый торговый центр.
8. К тому времени, как ты проснешься, я уже буду работать два часа.
9. На следующей неделе исполнится год, как она живет в Америке.
10. К концу месяца студенты будут готовиться к экзаменам уже два месяца.

Упражнение 4: Исправьте ошибки в предложениях

1. By next year, I will have been knew her for a decade.
2. Tomorrow at 3 PM, I will have been working in the office.
3. She will have been finished her degree by next summer.
4. We will be have been traveling for eight hours by the time we arrive.
5. By retirement, he will have been working here during thirty years.
6. Next week, they will have been move to their new house.
7. By the time you come, I will have been already left.
8. She will have been be studying for the exam all week.
9. By 2025, the technology will have been revolutionize the industry.
10. I will have been been waiting for two hours when you arrive.

📝 Домашнее задание

Задание 1: Напишите 10 предложений о своих планах на будущее

Используйте разные сложные формы будущего времени:

• 3 предложения с Future Perfect Continuous
• 3 предложения с Future Perfect
• 2 предложения с Future Continuous
• 2 предложения с модальными глаголами + Perfect

Задание 2: Напишите диалог между студентом и консультантом по образованию

Диалог должен содержать минимум 12 реплик и включать обсуждение планов на следующие 5 лет. Используйте различные сложные формы будущего времени минимум 8 раз.

Задание 3: Переведите текст с русского на английский

Планы компании на следующие пять лет

К 2030 году наша компания будет существовать уже двадцать лет. К тому времени мы откроем офисы в пяти новых странах и будем работать на международном рынке уже десять лет. Наша команда разработчиков к концу следующего года будет работать над новым продуктом восемь месяцев, и мы планируем, что он будет готов к запуску к лету 2026 года.

К тому времени, как мы выйдем на новые рынки, наши конкуренты уже адаптируются к новым условиям. Однако мы уверены, что к 2029 году мы увеличим наши продажи в три раза. Наш отдел маркетинга к тому моменту будет продвигать наш бренд уже пять лет, поэтому мы должны достичь узнаваемости в 80% целевой аудитории.

Задание 4: Создайте временную шкалу (timeline) своей жизни

Опишите, что будет происходить в вашей жизни в ближайшие 10 лет, используя конкретные даты и сложные формы будущего времени. Включите:

• Образование и карьеру
• Личную жизнь
• Хобби и интересы
• Финансовые цели

Минимум 15 предложений с различными формами будущего времени.

Задание 5: Напишите предсказания для вашего города/страны

Используя модальные глаголы с Perfect формами, напишите 10 предсказаний о том, что может произойти в вашем городе или стране к 2035 году.

Пример: By 2035, our city might have built a new subway system.

📚 Ответы к упражнениям

Упражнение 1

1. will have been living
2. will have been studying
3. will have been working
4. will have been dating
5. will have been training
6. will have been watching
7. will have been teaching
8. will have been renovating
9. will have been waiting
10. will have been practicing

Упражнение 2

1. will have discovered
2. will be flying
3. will have been studying
4. will have left
5. will have been married
6. will be having dinner
7. will have doubled
8. will have been working
9. will be driving
10. will have been living

Упражнение 3

1. By the end of the year, I will have been working at this company for five years.
2. This time tomorrow, she will be flying to London.
3. By the time you arrive, we will have finished the project.
4. Next month, we will have been dating for two years.
5. By graduation, he will have been studying programming for seven years.
6. On Saturday at 8 PM, I will be having dinner with my parents.
7. By 2025, they will have built a new shopping center.
8. By the time you wake up, I will have been working for two hours.
9. Next week, it will be a year since she moved to America. / Next week, she will have been living in America for a year.
10. By the end of the month, students will have been preparing for exams for two months.

Упражнение 4

1. ❌ By next year, I will have been knew her for a decade. → ✅ By next year, I will have known her for a decade.
2. ❌ Tomorrow at 3 PM, I will have been working in the office. → ✅ Tomorrow at 3 PM, I will be working in the office.
3. ❌ She will have been finished her degree by next summer. → ✅ She will have finished her degree by next summer.
4. ❌ We will be have been traveling for eight hours by the time we arrive. → ✅ We will have been traveling for eight hours by the time we arrive.
5. ❌ By retirement, he will have been working here during thirty years. → ✅ By retirement, he will have been working here for thirty years.
6. ❌ Next week, they will have been move to their new house. → ✅ Next week, they will have moved to their new house.
7. ❌ By the time you come, I will have been already left. → ✅ By the time you come, I will have already left.
8. ❌ She will have been be studying for the exam all week. → ✅ She will have been studying for the exam all week.
9. ❌ By 2025, the technology will have been revolutionize the industry. → ✅ By 2025, the technology will have revolutionized the industry.
10. ❌ I will have been been waiting for two hours when you arrive. → ✅ I will have been waiting for two hours when you arrive.